Benefits of Owning a Dog

Benefits of Owning a Dog Dogs and Human Relationship Dogs are widely referred to as ‘Man’s Best Friend’. Dogs are included as part of human society. Our relationship with the dog is much more varied, intense, and independent than with any other living species. Keeping a dog as a pet is a joy and a privilege, but it is also a responsibility. Although dogs have their basic requirements similar, different breeds, have very different emotional needs, but you can always count on their loyalty, the dog’s superior physical design and senses were obvious to our ancestors and by harnessing these attributes, the dog became – and still remains throughout the world – our best animal friend. That relationship continues to evolve and develop, with dogs more popular now than they have ever been. You can observe a great dog human relationship is when a dog really knows his owner by the way he communicates with him. A dog can be part of a family as the protector. They will always be there and protect you no matter what happens. Dogs also have feelings that can cope with humans. If you feel sad, they can comfort you. They know how to make you happy. Sometimes dogs need attention, that’s why sometimes dogs do things like, nibbling your slippers or gnawing your fingers. But dogs do little things that make us smile. They always bark to greet you at the door; they know when you need them, etc. A dog can be the best pet for you but it is up to you if you prefer cats than dogs. As a dog owner, I have 10 reasons why dogs are called man’s best friend. They dont need to say anything to make you feel better on a really bad day. Dogs literally don’t speak like us, humans. They just bark, whine, and wag their tails. They do this just to put a smile on our face. If you have a bad day, try talking to your dog about your problems even they don’t understand what you’re saying, they will just tilt their head and stare at you but in the end they end up making you happy by doing little things like hugging you, licking you (it means kiss to them) They’ll protect you. Always! Throughout history, one of the main jobs of the domesticated dog has been to protect its owners and guard against unwelcomed people or animals. While many modern dogs will spontaneously act as home guardians, there are particular breeds that are known for holding the characteristics needed to best avert unwanted intruders. Expert dog trainers consider the following breeds to be the top 10 best guard dog breeds: 1. Bullmastiff– This breed is known for its physical strength, protection instincts, courageousness, and extreme family loyalty. If an intruder crosses its path, a Bullmastiff will typically use its strength to knock them over or block their path. The breed is very docile in a family environment, however, and makes a great household pet. 2. Doberman Pinscher– If you have a large piece of property that you are trying to protect, a Doberman pinscher is a great guard dog for you. This breed is incredibly fast and is able to reach an intruder in a short amount of time. Known as the fifth-smartest dog breed in the world, Dobermans are fearless, alert, and loyal dogs. 3. Rottweiler– Originally bred as cattle-protecting dogs, Rottweilers are known to be relentless protectors of their pack. They are an intelligent breed and extremely loyal to their owners. Rottweilers are known to be aloof with strangers until properly introduced to them and are very quick learners. 4. Komodor– Traditionally used to protect herds of sheep, the Komodor possesses natural guard dog ability. This breed is active, courageous, loyal and known for its dignity and strength. If properly socialized and trained in obedience, this breed makes a devoted family pet. 5. Puli– Pulis are known for their suspicious nature. They are always alert and will bark to alert their owners of anything out of the ordinary. Pulis are very smart and require constant companionship. They make great additions to families with active lifestyles, as they love hiking, running, and outdoor activities. 6. Giant Schnauzer– Giant Schnauzers are strong, powerful, and dominant dogs that require strict training. This breed requires a lot of mental and physical stimulation and requires constant attention. Giant Schnauzers are powerful, compact, and intimidating. Their extreme family loyalty makes them excellent guard dogs. 7. German Shepherd– German Shepherds are bold, confident, and fearless. They are extremely intelligent and quick to learn commands, thus making them a favorite police dog breed. German Shepherds have a calm demeanor when in a household but can quickly react when their family or home is threatened. 8. Rhodesian Ridgeback– Originally bred to hunt lions, this dog has a strong prey drive and tends to be independent in nature. Ridgebacks are loyal and make natural watchdogs. They are said to be selective in their barking so when a Ridgeback barks, it needs to be taken seriously. Rhodesian Ridgebacks must be properly trained and managed, as they are not naturally obedient. The breed loves to cuddle and often thinks it’s a lapdog. 9. Kuvasz– This breed is very territorial and has a strong instinct to guard its family and home. The Kuvasz tends to be aloof with strangers but craves affection from its family. 10. Staffordshire Terrier– Often confused with the American Pit Bull Terrier, the Staffordshire terrier was bred for bear and bull fighting. Their aggressive and protective natures make them excellent guard dogs but require them to be properly socialized and trained from an early age. Staffordshire Terriers make great household pets, known to only be aggressive when protecting a family member. Owning a guard dog comes with great responsibility. In order to ensure the safety of family members, guests, and neighbors, guard dogs must be properly socialized and trained, and need to view their owners as their pack leaders. Dogs have your back. Dogs always have your back when you fall down. They don’t leave you behind. Like a true friend, they have the same problem as you are and the one you share everything with. They are always there right beside you when you feel down. They find things that you can’t find. They just love to take care of you. Dogs are likely to care about you even though you’re the one that should take care of them. They secretly watch over you even when you’re asleep just to be sure that you’re safe. They know how to make you feel safe around them. Instant stress relievers. Dogs are blessed for having a cute face. You can never resist their cuteness especially when they are still a pup. You can just stare at them the whole day to relieve from stress and depression. They’re like a stuff toy that you can play with. They will do anything for you just to make you happy. Dogs are motivational tools. Dogspreferbeing active, at least when they’re younger. Make use of their abundance of energy and take them on walks, or, runs. They’ll be exhausted and supremely entertained, and you’ll be on track to becoming a healthier person. Dogs are very smart. Intelligence varies depending on the kind of breed you get, but overall, dogs are some of the most intuitive animals around. This is demonstrated by their multiple facial expressions their ability to deviously hide toys in the strangest of places, and more. You’ll never feel alone. When you are alone in your house, you always have your dog beside you. You can do many things with him. You’ll have your best bud for the rest of your life. Dogs won’t leave you. When the time comes that you don’t feel you need a company of a dog, the dog will always be beside you because you are his leader. He is faithful to his owner even you scold at him. He is like your partner in life that you’ll never regret. They know how to make you feel special. Even though you are not that special to others, your dog always makes you feel special. You are his world; he follows you forever like a tail. He’ll never leave you nor make you sad. That’s how special you are to him. There are also studies that have been conducted to research the physical, emotional, and social benefits of canine relationship. Physical Benefits Studies of people undergoing stress tests or physical examinations have demonstrated that the presence of a dog lowered their heart rate and blood pressure during testing. People who own pets often have better physical health due to the need to exercise and care for their pets. People with pets have been found to have lower cholesterol and triglyceride levels when compared to people who did not have pets, even when matched for weight, diet, and smoking habits. Emotional Benefits Pet owners tend to feel less afraid of being a victim of crime when walking with a dog or having a dog in the home. Pets can help us relax and focus our attention away from our problems and worries. More and more studies show how important touch is to our physical and emotional health. Pets decrease our feelings of loneliness and isolation by providing companionship to all generations. Pets can help ease the sense of loneliness or isolation we feel. Everyone needs to feel needed and have something to care for. Many elderly citizens or people living alone will tell you their pet gives them a reason for living. Having a pet can help us remain more active. We may not only get more exercise from walking a dog, but we also increase our activity through feeding, grooming, and otherwise caring for our pet. Pets provide some consistency to our lives. Caring for a pet can significantly affect our routine and gives us something to do and look forward to each day. Social Benefits A study in a veterans hospital showed that the residents had more verbal interactions with each other when a dog was present in the room than when there was no dog present. Dogs were also shown to increase socialization among persons with Alzheimers disease in a Special Care Unit of a nursing home. Residents in long-term care facilities were more likely to attend activity sessions when an animal was going to be present. Dogs have not only offered love and affection, but worked side-by-side with their human counterpart for centuries. That is why dogs are called a man’s best friend. A dog will be your loyal friend for life. They say dog is a man’s best friend. They are always there when you feel sad or depressed to comfort you. Dogs share a bond with us that are difficult to replicate with people. Caring for a dog involves a lot of responsibility. Dogs treat you like how you treat them. If you give so much love to them, they will give a lot more than you gave them. You treat them as a family member. Why dogs are the best pet? Dogs are the best pet because they never ask for anything in return but your love. You could say that they are the best pet, friend, or family you’d ever had, they will unconditionally love you. They are smart and can be trained and they very easily become part of the family. They are much more interactive than a pet that you just keep in a cage and have much more personality as well. They are also protectors of your home and family. He is your friend, your partner, your defender, your dog. A dog thinks of you as his life, his love, his leader. A dog will be yours, faithful and true, to the last beat of his heart. That’s was it like to have a dog as a best friend. References Alderton, D. (2010). The Dog Selector: How to Choose the Right Dog for you. New York: Barrons. Dogs Are Better Than Cats. (n.d.). Retrieved from Buzzfeed: http://www.buzzfeed.com/tag/dogs_are_better_than_cats?s=mobile Edward Jesse, E. (1846). Anecdotes of Dogs. Retrieved from Project Gutenberg: http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26500/26500-h/26500-h.htm Fogle, B. (2006). RSPCA Complete Dog Care Manual. London: DK Pub. Introduction to Dog Types. (n.d.). Retrieved from Purina: http://www.purina.co.uk/content/the-right-pet-for-you/choosing-a-dog/getting-a-new-dog/introduction-to-dog-types Leighton, R. (1910). Dogs and All About Them. Cassell and Company, Ltd. Youatt, W. (1845). The Dog. London.

Fences: Family and Fence

August Wilson did not name his play, Fences, simply due to the melodramatic actions that take place in the Maxson household, but rather the relationships that bond and break because of the â€Å"fence†. The â€Å"fence† serves as a structural device because the character's lives are constantly changing during the construction of the fence. The dramatic actions in the play strongly depend on the building of the fence in the Maxson’s backyard. Fences represents the metaphorical walls or fences that the main characters are creating around themselves in order to keep people in or vice versa.The title may seem straightforward, but in actuality it is a powerful symbol which can either have positive or negative meanings. The title also describes the entirety of the play. The â€Å"fence† most obviously seen throughout the play portrays protection. Rose creates a personal â€Å"fence† by singing a song seeking protection from whatever is on her way. â€Å" Jesus, be a fence around me every day. Jesus, I want you to protect me as I travel on my way† (21). Also, the fact that Rose wants the fence built adds to the meaning of her character because she sees the fence as something positive and necessary.Bono observes that Rose wants the fence built to hold her family together. â€Å"Some people build fence to keep people in†¦ and other people build fences to keep people in. Rose wants to hold on to you all. She loves you† (61). The â€Å"fence† is a symbolization of Rose’s love and her desire for a fence which shows that Rose represents love and nurturing. Also, the â€Å"fence† shows Troy protecting himself form Death telling him to come when he’s ready. â€Å"See now†¦ I’m gonna tell you what I’m gonna do. I’m gonna take and build me a fence around this yard. See?I’m gonna build a fence around what belongs to me. And I want you to stay on the other side. You stay over there until you’re ready for me† (77). In vice versa, the â€Å"fence† also portray separation. Troy creates a personal â€Å"fence† that keeps people out by neglecting his two sons which eventually draw away from him and cheating on his wife with a woman named Alberta. Troy's lack of commitment to finishing the fence that Rose wants put up represents his lack of commitment in his marriage. He doesn't understand that Rose wants to keep the family close because he never truly had a close family.He becomes a womanless man. â€Å"From right now†¦ this child got a mother. But you a womanless man† (79). Troy pushes Lyons away by refusing to hear him play his â€Å"Chinese music† (48). He also damages his relationship with his other son, Cory, by preventing him from playing football and rejecting his only chance to get recruited by a college football team. The â€Å"fence† also depicts that Troy is disowning Cory when they get into an argument and Troy kicks him out on to the streets. Troy states that Cory’s things will be on â€Å"the other side of that fence† (89).As a result, Troy ends up driving everybody away just like his father. The â€Å"fence† acts like a physical divider between the Maxson’s household and the outside world because Troy doesn’t bring anything others would normally have into his house and Rose does not want any outsider intruding her family. The play, Fences, in conclusion acquires many interpretations of the â€Å"fence† that is mentioned variously. Despite there only being one physical fence, it represents many figurative fences throughout the play. The â€Å"fence† is signified as having both positive and negative connotations. Fences: Family and Fence August Wilson did not name his play, Fences, simply due to the melodramatic actions that take place in the Maxson household, but rather the relationships that bond and break because of the â€Å"fence†. The â€Å"fence† serves as a structural device because the character's lives are constantly changing during the construction of the fence. The dramatic actions in the play strongly depend on the building of the fence in the Maxson’s backyard. Fences represents the metaphorical walls or fences that the main characters are creating around themselves in order to keep people in or vice versa.The title may seem straightforward, but in actuality it is a powerful symbol which can either have positive or negative meanings. The title also describes the entirety of the play. The â€Å"fence† most obviously seen throughout the play portrays protection. Rose creates a personal â€Å"fence† by singing a song seeking protection from whatever is on her way. â€Å" Jesus, be a fence around me every day. Jesus, I want you to protect me as I travel on my way† (21). Also, the fact that Rose wants the fence built adds to the meaning of her character because she sees the fence as something positive and necessary.Bono observes that Rose wants the fence built to hold her family together. â€Å"Some people build fence to keep people in†¦ and other people build fences to keep people in. Rose wants to hold on to you all. She loves you† (61). The â€Å"fence† is a symbolization of Rose’s love and her desire for a fence which shows that Rose represents love and nurturing. Also, the â€Å"fence† shows Troy protecting himself form Death telling him to come when he’s ready. â€Å"See now†¦ I’m gonna tell you what I’m gonna do. I’m gonna take and build me a fence around this yard. See?I’m gonna build a fence around what belongs to me. And I want you to stay on the other side. You stay over there until you’re ready for me† (77). In vice versa, the â€Å"fence† also portray separation. Troy creates a personal â€Å"fence† that keeps people out by neglecting his two sons which eventually draw away from him and cheating on his wife with a woman named Alberta. Troy's lack of commitment to finishing the fence that Rose wants put up represents his lack of commitment in his marriage. He doesn't understand that Rose wants to keep the family close because he never truly had a close family.He becomes a womanless man. â€Å"From right now†¦ this child got a mother. But you a womanless man† (79). Troy pushes Lyons away by refusing to hear him play his â€Å"Chinese music† (48). He also damages his relationship with his other son, Cory, by preventing him from playing football and rejecting his only chance to get recruited by a college football team. The â€Å"fence† also depicts that Troy is disowning Cory when they get into an argument and Troy kicks him out on to the streets. Troy states that Cory’s things will be on â€Å"the other side of that fence† (89).As a result, Troy ends up driving everybody away just like his father. The â€Å"fence† acts like a physical divider between the Maxson’s household and the outside world because Troy doesn’t bring anything others would normally have into his house and Rose does not want any outsider intruding her family. The play, Fences, in conclusion acquires many interpretations of the â€Å"fence† that is mentioned variously. Despite there only being one physical fence, it represents many figurative fences throughout the play. The â€Å"fence† is signified as having both positive and negative connotations.

The Nuiances of Internship Reflection Paper Essay

The Nuiances of Internship Reflection Paper Essay Four Near-Peers were assigned to every program and we'd take turns teaching a subject and then we'd split up into our unique groups and work on a lab about the subject. The paper is going to be read and evaluated before it's put in the internship notebooks. The aim of internship essay sample is to represent the expert abilities and abilities a probationer has obtained during her or his internship at the specific organization. The analysis is organization specific done by means of a student. If you're applying to an internship program, we also need to congratulate you! An internship will help yougain extra wisdom and skills, and you'll also get to understand a great deal of the specifics of your upcoming job. Maybe your next internship is going to be withGoogle! My paralegal internship taught me the way to get together with distinct men and women well, how to ask questions when I didn't understand something and the way to communicate nice and bad news to attorneys. From time to time, you could be asked to compose a reflective essay. Sometimes, you might be missing some decent suggestions for your reflective essay topics. And here we're going to inform you all nuances and share advice on ways to compose a reflective essay. Except for the principal pieces of your reflective essay, there are several other essentials to look at. The finish of your reflective essay ought to be the finishing touch that brings the entire bit of writing together nicely. It is better to complete the essay with your own thoughts. A superior reflective essay may be a wonderful reflective essay with the appropriate planning. Generally speaking, writing a reflective essay doesn't differ from any other sort of paper. How to Get Started with Internship Reflection Paper Essay? At exactly the same time, one ought to be able to network with men and women in the chosen professional field. It's because of this I had the chance of obtaining a position for a customer representative in Bank of America. It is essential for folks to involve themselves in internship programs as a way to be in a position of understanding the important component of the job. Building a relationship with those around me is 1 area I need to tackle on head first. What You Need to Do About Internship Reflection Paper Essay Even though the exercise enabled me to validate traits I thought I had, additionally, it made me realize there is much I have to improve. You just have to share an experience. You might also talk about the benefits you got or what you've lost because of that specific experience. It gives a lot of advantages. So make sure the next time you compose a reflective essay, it's the true you that is writing and not someone who only wished to please the crowd. If you wish to quote the interviewee in some pieces of your essay, be sure you compose the precise statement which he or she has said during the interview. Make certain that your essay will receive the interest of your readers by supplying the required information necessary to be known. This is a great item of advice. It won't be returned to you, so be certain to maintain a copy. Therefore, the procedure for writing will come to be much simpler. This customizable writing service provides you, decent customer support, personalized writing pieces, and decent superior offerings. The Advantages of Internship Reflection Paper Essay In any case, reflection isn't only recounting of random thoughts. What's a reflection question. It's also in the body wherever your realizations or reflection ought to be written. It is vital to select the appropriate words and phrases while reflecting your ideas and showing what you feel. If you draw proper conclusions, you will demonstrate the high degree of understanding what you've depicted in your story. You must return to your prior life experiences and provide a very clear account of a particular event, happening or feeling. You should demonstrate several feelings you felt previously. Don't forget to concentrate on experiences and reflections rather than going into detail about another person. What to Expect From Internship Reflection Paper Essay? This approach is likely to make your work appear systematic and organized. My personal IT skills are becoming updated every single day. To be a prosperous pastry chef an excellent education is necessary, also a good deal of training, and awesome cooking skills to help right in addition to the journey of turning into a pastry chef. A suitable start sufficiently increases your odds of success.

Types of Supply Chain Risk - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2408 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Did you like this example? Introduction There have been many different definitions of supply chain risk, but it can be broadly defined as the variation in the distribution of possible supply chain outcomes, their likelihood, and their subjective values (March Shapira, 1987, p. 1404). However, this definition has since been expanded upon to account for all the different departments and functions that operate within a supply chain. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Types of Supply Chain Risk" essay for you Create order This leads to an overall definition of supply chain risk as any risks for the information, material and product flows from original supplier to the delivery of the final product for the end user (Juttner, et al., 2003, p. 202). Simply put, supply chain risk refers to the probability of a risk event occurring the supply line and when the product goes on sale. Furthermore, risk sources are the predominant causes of risk events, which are the environmental, organisational or supply-chain variables which cannot be predicted with certainty and which impact on the supply chain outcome variables (Juttner, et al., 2003). Identifying Supply Chain Risk There are a variety different approaches that a company can take in order to identify risk in their supply chain. Steele and Court (1996) proposed a conceptual framework for identifying the potential risk in an organisations supply chain. This process was comprised of three key steps: The probability of a risk event occurring in an organisations supply chain must be determined. Next, the organisation should attempt to estimate the likely duration the risk event will last for, including when it may occur. This can usually be achieved through the analysis of past experiences. Lastly, an analysis should be conducted on the probable impact the risk event could have on a certain facet of the organisation, such as market or financial performance. If a company goes through these stages every time they believe a risk event may be imminent, then it will allow them to successfully identify the severity of the risk event, and put in motion any plans to prevent the risk. Furthermore, an organisation should constantly be monitoring and attempting to identify risk events, as the earlier a risk is identified, the more likely it will be that an organisation that limit or completely negate the effects. If a company is conducting a new project to improve the supply chain, then risk identification should occur during the planning and preparation stage. This means that the organisation will have to identify risk indices, which aim to give a quantitative analysis of the potential risks associated with a project (Turney, 1996). After the risk has been successfully identified, it can be categorised into a variety of different supply chain risk categories. This report will aim at identifying three supply chain risk categories, and sugg est ways in which risk can be mitigated or managed within these categories. The three supply chain risk categories that will be explore are; exogenous, data integrity and internal resource risks. Exogenous or External Threat The supply chain must deal with external forces, such as natural disasters (flooding, hurricanes, or earthquakes) or human-centred issues (fraud or terrorism). Gupta Maranas (2003) classify exogenous risk into two main sections. The first is long-term uncertainties, which can be in the form of seasonal demand variations or raw material unit price fluctuations. On the other hand, risk could cause short-term uncertainties, such as cancelled/rushed orders or equipment failure. There are a plethora of issues present when trying to manage exogenous risk. This is mainly in the form of companys unwillingness to plan for large-scale disruptions. Although organisations generally aim to protect themselves from small, recurrent exogenous risks, they ignore the high-impact, low probability ones (Chopra Sodhi, 2004; Faisal, et al., 2006). One of the most prominent strategies for mitigating the impact of exogenous risk events, is through the use of hedging. Hedging is a supply side risk management strategy. In a global supply-chain context, hedging is undertaken by having a globally dispersed portfolio of suppliers and facilities such that a single event (Manuj Mentzer, 2008, p. 208). This is a particularly strong strategy at mitigating exogenous risk, especially high-impact ones, because it reduces the amount of operations that a potential natural disaster will hit. Furthermore, there are a variety of ways in which an organisation can hedge against exogenous risk. One of the most prominent ways is through the use of dual sourcing, which protects the quality, quantity, price and performance of products by sourcing from more than one supplier. Furthermore, these suppliers must be far enough apart to ensure that a natural disaster wouldnt affect both of them. Although a strong strategy, it is incredibly expensive for a company to do, as dual-sourcing is much more costly then single-sourcing (Berger, et al., 2004). Hedging is the best technique to use if a company ha s the available investment resources, faces high levels of exogenous risk, and produces goods where strong quality and process controls are in place. Furthermore, an organisation can use the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) framework. This model comprised of four factors; source, make, deliver and plan. The SCOR framework can be used to improve alignment between marketplace and the strategic response of a supply chain, on the premise that the better the alignment, the better the bottom line performance (Huan, et al., 2004, pp. 24-25). Although it doesnt identity risks, it acts as model to increase the performance of the supply chain and make it more resilient against potential risk events. A resilient supply chain has the ability to return to its original or desired state after being disturbed by a risk event (Peck, et al., 2003). It also allows firms to conduct thorough, fact based analysis of their supply chain, thus providing them with informed knowledge to make strate gic decisions involving the supply chain. Data Integrity/ Information Security Threats Data and information security risks can largely be managed by the organisation by implemented thorough security checks throughout their data management software. However, in 2001, Ernst Young (2001) conducted a survey to investigate how many companies had suffered data loss of failure. From interviewing over 250 chief information officers, over 70% of them stated that they had suffered some form of disruption to a critical IT service. This highlights the issues that data integration is causing many companies across the UK. To prevent these issues, all organisations should be implementing a variety of security checks and protection systems on their IT systems. Finch (2004) outlines four key systems that all organisations should implement in order to ensure their IT and data integrity. These are; Virus detection: All companies should have virus detection software to stop incoming threats from effecting critical IT systems. Furthermore, if this is coupled with a strong firewall, it can block the majority of malicious threats. Firewall: A firewall is fundamental to a networks security. Although many companies install a solid firewall on their network systems, they forget that it needs to be managed. This is because the firewall must be updated with security policies, and log files regularly scanned for potential threats. Backups: The majority of larger companies will have various backup systems in place to maintain the integrity of data even if a threat occurs. Furthermore, these backups should usually be stored off-site to increase protection. On the other hand, many smaller companies did not recognise the value that back-ups provide. User accounts/passwords: Although user accounts and passwords are prominent across the majority of organisations, they must also be constantly managed. This means updated employees access rights, and deleted ex-employees from the system. Although these systems seem like common knowledge for an organisation to install and implement, it is the careful monitoring and management of the systems that is imperative. Letting a security system become outdated will render it useless, as modern threats will be able to effect critical IT systems. Although risk sources related to data integrity cannot be mitigated entirely, they can be successfully managed through the thorough implementation of numerous security checks (Stoneburner, et al., 2002). Internal Resource Risks Internal resource risks has some similarities to data integrity risks, as it involves protecting all the internal resources that are connected within the supply chain. This can include things such as; labour strikes, production failure, IT system failure or insufficient interaction between organisations within the supply chain. Furthermore, similar to the other two risk categories, an organisation must conduct careful planning and preparation to help completely mitigate internal resource risks from occurring. There are a variety of methods in which a company can do, including probability reduction, transferring or sharing risks. educing the probability of a risk event is often preferred by many organisations, and could be reduced by by improving risky operational processes, both internally and in cooperation with suppliers, and to improve related processes, e.g. supplier selection (Norrman Jansson, 2004, p. 439). Fundamentally, if a company wishes to reduce the probability of a risk event occurring then they will attempt to integrate all processes with the supply chain. However, although this reduces the probability of a risk event occurring, it is still likely that one will eventually occur, and with full impact. Another method of reducing internal resource risks is by transferring risk to insurance companies, or supply chain partners. This could be in the form of changing delivery times or suppliers (just-in-time deliveries) or customers (made-to-order manufacturing), or by outsourcing activities (Norrman Jansson, 2004). Although this is a beneficial method for one company, it could be extremely damaging to the organisation or customer who ends up dealing with the potential risk event. This could fracture supplier and customer relationships, relating in short-term and long-term financial losses for a company. The final method of reducing internal resource risk is through sharing them. This is usually through the use of contracts, as commercial ri sks can be shared via these. Furthermore, the internal resource risk could also be minimised through more collaboration throughout the supply chain, as many different departments of the supply chain could absorb the risk effect, thus mitigating it substantially if it were to just impact one process (Cachon, 2002; Tsay, et al., 1998). On top of these methods, organisations should also be conducting successful supplier relationship management (SRM). SRM can be defined as a process involved in managing preferred suppliers and finding new ones whilst reducing costs, making procurement predictable and repeatable, pooling buyer experience and extracting the benefits of supplier partnerships (Choy, et al., 2002, p. 282). Although this isnt specifically targeted at managing risk, it has a natural impact to reduce the probability and mitigate the impact of risk. It is similar to the sharing strategy, as it focuses on integrating and collaborating all aspects of the supply chain, to protec t internal resource from potential threats. Furthermore, SRM can reap even greater benefits for an organisation if it is coupled with Customer Relationship Management (CRM). Choy, et al., (2002) studied the effects that integrating SRM and CRM had on Honeywell, a company based in Hong Kong. They found that the collaboration of SRM and CRM had many benefits, as suppliers were more aware of what customers had ordered, and could tailor and increase the quality of products accordingly. Conclusion There are many different methods for managing risk, and even though risk events can come in many forms, they all follow similar patterns. An organisation should attempt to mitigate all risk events of occurring by driving the probability of the risk event down to zero, or as close to zero as possible. This can be done through the use of a variety of systems, such as the SCOR framework, which aims to increase the resilience of an organisations supply chain. Furthermore, collaborating and integrating the supply chain has many benefits at mitigating exogenous risk and internal resource risk. This is because it spreads the risk over many different processes, thus reducing the impact on one single function. As risks can cause significant distress to an organisation and its operations, they must ensure that all the relevant frameworks and theories are being utilised. The type of risk that is going to affect the company is completely dependent on the geographical location of the company and the industry they operate in. This means that one risk management strategy does not work for everyone, and an organisation must ensure they are implementing the correct risk management strategy to ensure the risk event is mitigated and its effects negated as much as possible. Bibliography Berger, P. 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